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Number Definition & Meaning Therefore, they are often regarded as numbers by number theorists. The p-adic numbers play an important role in this analogy. The set of computable numbers has the same cardinality as the natural numbers. However, it is very difficult to produce explicitly a real number that is not computable. In 1796, Adrien-Marie Legendre conjectured the prime number theorem, describing the asymptotic distribution of primes. The most common numeral system is the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, which allows for the representation of any number using a combination of ten fundamental numeric symbols, called digits. In addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels , for ordering , and for codes . In common usage, a numeral is not clearly distinguished from the number that it represents. A computable number, also known as recursive number, is a real number such that there exists an algorithm which, given a positive number n as input, p